The Hawai‘i Space Exploration Analog and Simulation
HI-SEAS (The Hawai‘i Space Exploration Analog and Simulation) is an analog space research station on an isolated Mars and Moon-like site on the Mauna Loa volcano on the Big Island of Hawai‘i at approximately 8200 feet above sea level. HI-SEAS is unique, in addition to its setting in a distinctive analog environment, as:
We select the crew to meet our research needs (in serendipitous analogs, such as Antarctic stations, crew selection criteria are not controlled by researchers);
The conditions (habitat, mission, communications, etc.) are explicitly designed to be similar to those of a planetary exploration mission;
The site is accessible year round, and has very little variation in weather, allowing longer-duration isolated and confined environment studies than at other locations;
The Mars and Moon-like environment provides for high-fidelity analog research tasks, such as geological field work carried out by human explorers and/or robots.
The HI-SEAS Habitat is semi-portable, low-impact and designed to have all the desirable analog features specified in Keeton et al (2011). It has a habitable volume of ~13,000 cubic feet, a usable floor space of ~1200 square feet and small sleeping quarters for a crew of six, as well as a kitchen, laboratory, bathroom, simulated airlock and engineering bay area.
The HI-SEAS site has Mars and Moon-like geology, which allows crews to perform high-fidelity geological and astrobiological field work and add to the realism of the mission simulation. The martian regolith examined by the CheMin instrument (Blake et al. 2012) is very similar to the weathered basaltic materials found in this part of Hawaii. The site is a former cinder rock quarry on the side of a spatter cone. It is surrounded by relatively recent lava flows with very little plant or animal life present. None of the sparse flora or fauna is rare, which mitigates the likelihood of adverse environmental impact due to mission activities. The flows include a wide variety of volcanic features to explore, such as lava tubes, skylights, channels and tumuli. The HI-SEAS site is visually isolated, yet accessible by a dirt road, and a hospital and other emergency services are within a one hour driving distance (much less by helicopter). It has a cool, dry climate that varies very little over the year, enabling long-duration missions.
HI-SEAS offers not only physical isolation and geological similarity. We have developed a robust system of high-latency communication between the Crew and the Mission Support team that imposes a Mars-like 20-minute delay on message reception each way (and a few second delay for lunar analog missions). Communication is solely asynchronous (i.e. no real-time conversations) through email. HI-SEAS offers an environment where communication latency and other mission parameters can be varied according to study requirements.
